Tavolara Island: The Smallest Kingdom in the World
Tavolara and Molara are two enchanting islands in the northern Sardinia, located off the coasts of Olbia, Porto San Paolo and San Teodoro.
Discover curiosities, secrets, and legends about this stretch of sea rich in history, the things to do in Tavolara, must-not-miss activities, and important information about the area.
How was the Kingdom of Tavolara formed?
Legend #1
The King of Tavolara was a peculiar historical figure who ruled over the island of Tavolara, located off the northeastern coast of Sardinia, Italy. The story of this "monarchy" began in 1836, when a fisherman named Giuseppe Bertoleoni, known as "Giovanni I", proclaimed himself king of Tavolara.
Initially, the proclamation of the kingdom was a kind of joke, but over time, the figure of the King of Tavolara gained some relevance among the locals and visitors to the island.
Giovanni I, the first king of Tavolara, established his "court" on the island and began to exercise a sort of symbolic authority, welcoming tourists and visitors, issuing fantasy "passports", and even fostering relations with other governmental authorities.
After Giovanni I's death, the "dynasty" of the Kings of Tavolara continued with his descendants. His son Paolo I succeeded him as king, followed by Carlo I, and so on. However, the figure of the King of Tavolara remained always symbolic and devoid of real political power, regarded more as a historical curiosity than an actual monarchy.
Over the years, the “kingdom” of Tavolara has continued to exist as a sort of tradition and tourist attraction on the island, and the descendants of Giovanni I's family have retained the title of King of Tavolara, even though they have no official role in the government of the island or Sardinia.
Legend #2
It seems that everything began when King Carlo Alberto di Savoia landed on the island and during his stay got to know and became familiar with the local residents. Upon his departure, he made a promise to recognize the independence of the Kingdom of Tavolara with the Bertoleoni family at the helm of the small kingdom.In the small and picturesque cemetery of the Kings of Tavolara, visitable on the island with a short walk, rests the descendants of the family.
Important: at the end of your visit to the small cemetery of the Kings of Tavolara, remember to close the small entrance gate.
Other legends about Tavolara
Tavolara is an island so enchanting that it has always inspired fantastic tales. Apart from the story of the Kingdom of Tavolara, another legend attributed to the beautiful island of Tavolara is that of the golden-toothed goats. These legendary goats of Tavolara are often spotted during a walk on the island and sometimes can also be seen from the sea during a boat trip while grazing on the cliffs. The goats of Tavolara truly have teeth of a golden color; this particular pigmentation seems to be due to a small endemic herbaceous plant that they feed on found on the island.2 Enchanting Islands: Tavolara and Molara
Tavolara and Molara are the 2 main islands that are part of the Tavolara and Punta Coda Cavallo Marine Protected Area. The surrounding area and these islands are rich in attractions and things to do.
During a holiday in northern Sardinia, an excursion to Tavolara is a must. You can walk and snorkel in Molara in one of the most vibrant Protected Marine Areas in the entire Mediterranean.
The Islands of the Marine Protected Area
The Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo Marine Protected Area includes the Island of Tavolara, the Island of Molara, Molarotto, and the Capo Coda Cavallo peninsula.
This small and charming archipelago on the northeast east coast of Sardinia has many surprises and boasts enchanted legends and stories.
- Tavolara and the small village
- Molara and the natural pools
- Molarotto integral reserve area
- Proratora, an archaeological islet
- Capo Coda Cavallo peninsula
Tavolara
Tavolara Island is located in Sardinia on the northeast side, between the municipalities of Olbia, Porto San Paolo, and San Teodoro, just north of Budoni.
Tavolara is primarily a limestone massif rising in a sea of granite. The island has a rectangular, parallelepiped shape with various protrusions. From afar, it presents itself to the traveler as the profile of a woman lying on the sea.
To some, it resembles a petrified ship with a long rudder, while to others, depending on the perspective from which it is viewed, it resembles an Egyptian mummy.
Tavolara Island rises over 560 meters above sea level, and from its summit, Punta Cannone, one can enjoy an unparalleled beautiful panorama. On days of Scirocco, the warm and humid wind blowing from the southeast, Tavolara Island crowns itself with a ring of clouds, the famous hat of Tavolara.
Every year, the Tavolara Film Festival takes place on the island, an important film showcase incredibly fascinating due to the exclusive location that hosts it.
The 2 Sides of Tavolara
Tavolara Island is formally divided into two parts, east and west.
In the western area, you find the part facing Porto San Paolo, with Cala Tramontana and Spalmatore di Terra, which once presumably connected Tavolara to the Sardinian coast. In this area, there are some houses with a tiny inhabited center and small docks for boats.
In the eastern area, you find Punta Timone along with the military base. It is a base run by the Italian Navy, important for its central location in the Mediterranean Sea.
This area features the imposing rocky arch, the lighthouse, and nearby the base, the antennas for telecommunications.
The Paths of Tavolara
To best explore Tavolara Island, we suggest a hiking trip near the tiny inhabited center.
One thing to do in Tavolara is the walk that leads to the cemetery of the Kings of Tavolara and to Punta Spalmatore.
Passing near Cala Tramontana, you follow a sandy path that leads to the cemetery and then to a long strip of sand and rocks where the two seas meet.
The path is rich in infographics that describe the environment. During the walk, you may spot the peculiar flora and fauna of the island and some endemic species.
Especially interesting is the Prolagus trail (a rodent considered probably extinct) that leads to Punta la Mandria.
The visit is completed by the enveloping and intoxicating fragrance characteristic of the Mediterranean scrub and the typical plants of the island.
The Beaches of Tavolara
The western part of Tavolara where the Tavolara ferries dock is lined with beautiful beaches and coves.
The first beach you encounter is right near the docks. Long, white, surrounded by nature and the bluest water.
Continuing along the path you come to Cala Tamontana, a delightful pebbly beach that is secluded and little frequented.
Crossing the Tomb of the Kings of Tavolara, a 10-minute walk along the back dune path leads to Punta Spalmatore. A long stretch of sand and rocks where the two seas meet, absolutely worth seeing.
The Restaurants of Tavolara
- Restaurant La Corona
- Restaurant Da Tonino
The restaurants in Tavolara are two and both are highly recommended, open for lunch and dinner. Dining in Tavolara is a unique experience, by the sea in nature with the sound of the waves.
Lunch and Dinner in Tavolara
The Tavolara restaurants “La Corona” and Da Tonino “King of Tavolara“ are open for lunch and dinner. They offer a menu featuring fresh fish and local delicacies, typical products, and fresh pasta.
The prices of the Tavolara restaurants are commensurate with the location, the service offered, and the excellent quality of the food served.
Apéritif in Tavolara
In Tavolara, you can enjoy an apéritif at sunset at the Lounge Bar de La Corona, on the sofas in the shade of the gazebos. The bar offers great cocktails and a careful selection of wines. Great snacks and finger food.
Bar in Tavolara
At the end of the walk, you can also take a refreshing break in the bars of Tavolara. The two refreshment points offer ice cream, popsicles, coffee, soft drinks, and sandwiches.
Molara
The Island of Molara is a granite prominence of particular importance due to its lush and unspoiled nature. Molara is a private island that once hosted a Pope in exile.
In the northwestern part of the island, the remains of an ancient church can be found near Cala Chiesa. There is also a freshwater spring that allows livestock to thrive on the island.
What to See in Molara
Since it is a private island, landing on Molara is not possible without permission. The excursions mainly aim at the natural pools of Molara.
The pools are a particularly sought-after section of sea known for the incredible color of the waters. A mirror with particularly azure water and a shallow sandy bottom.
The occhiate (white seabream), castagnole (bream), and saraghi (sargassum fish) are the stars of snorkeling at the Pools of Molara.
Molarotto
From Tavolara heading southeast, you encounter a marvelous formation characterized by low vegetation where a large colony of birds, including cormorants, grebes, and seagulls can be found.
The granite islet of Molarotto is an integral reserve area. Access to the zone is not permitted to best preserve its untouched nature.
At the edge of the integral reserve, the marine fauna explodes in a myriad of colors and forms of life.
The Brothers
Not far from Molarotto, near the boundary of the integral reserve, lies the formation of the Brothers, a group of rocks rich in life.
Snorkeling at the Brothers Rock of Molara always promises exciting encounters. Its exposure to the open sea often allows for sighting passing fish, amberjacks, and bonitos.
In the depths around the Brothers, at a depth of about 16-18 meters, lies the wreck of the Omega, a cargo ship that sank during a storm in the '70s, whose remains now provide shelter for fish and sponges.
Capo Coda Cavallo
The peninsula of Capo Coda Cavallo is characterized by fine sandy beaches and crystal-clear water. The beaches of the promontory are must-see beaches and some of the most beautiful in the area. Among the waters of Capo Coda Cavallo, you can experience all the shades of blue.
Near the peninsula of Capo Coda Cavallo, there are some of the most beautiful beaches, including Cala Brandinchi, Lu Impostu, Salina Bamba, Bay Salinedda, Cala Suaraccia, Cala Girgolu, and the Valley of Water.
Proratora
At the end of the peninsula of Capo Coda Cavallo is the small islet of Proratora where archaeological excavations have uncovered artifacts from the Roman era.
The excavations have revealed that the settlement was likely involved in the trade of food, presumably related to marine products like fish or shells and salt.
Proratora thus stands as a testament to how the “sea resource” has been and remains crucial, fundamental, and to be preserved.
Things to Do in Tavolara and Molara
Snorkeling in Tavolara and Molara
Snorkeling means slipping on a pair of fins, putting on a mask with a comfortable snorkel, and enjoying the wonderful underwater scenery. Snorkeling is a relaxing sports activity that allows you to clear your mind.
When snorkeling, you become a child again, spending time away from worries, looking for new animals or perhaps watching a fish busy with its daily activities.
Often during snorkeling, you can admire starfish, sea urchins, moray eels, octopuses, and on the luckiest days, even a hermit crab in the middle of a move.
To go snorkeling, you do not need to be a skilled swimmer but having a good confidence in the water is necessary.
If you're not very experienced and wish to, you can request a flotation vest to help you not get fatigued. Keep in mind that short wetsuits are often provided to help with buoyancy.
A tip for snorkeling: when receiving your mask, before wetting it, put saliva on the inside of the lenses. Spread the saliva and rinse with seawater.
If you don't wear the mask right away after this practice, let a bit of water remain inside while waiting to start snorkeling. To beginners, this barbaric practice may seem odd, but professionals always do it without a thought because this way the mask does not fog up.
Another very important thing is to never, ever take starfish out of the water, not even for a few seconds because it causes them irreparable damage.
Trekking in Tavolara
The excursion to Tavolara is a classic of trekking in Sardinia, undoubtedly one of the most beautiful and scenic hikes to take in the area.
On board a dinghy, you reach the island. The trail starts from the slopes of Tavolara, in the Spalmatore di Terra area, where the trekking path to the summit of Tavolara begins.
With a brief via ferrata, you reach the peak from which you can enjoy a breathtaking view of Sardinia and Corsica.
The Marine Protected Area of Tavolara and Punta Coda Cavallo
The Marine Protected Area of Tavolara - Punta Coda Cavallo was established in 2003 and extends over the municipal territories of Olbia, Loiri Porto San Paolo, and San Teodoro.
This stretch of sea of particular value and environmental relevance extends south of Golfo Aranci near Capo Figari and the Gulf of Olbia.
The AMP was created for the purposes of protection, safeguarding, and conservation of the marine area in question, along with the dissemination of the ecological importance of the zone.
To preserve the area, a zoning differentiation was introduced, with various rules and possibilities for conducting activities:
- zone A of integral reserve (such as Molarotto and the eastern portion of Tavolara Punta Papa)
- zone B of general reserve (mainly the areas of Tavolara, Molara, Capo Ceraso, and Capo Coda Cavallo)
- zone C of partial reserve
Check the zoning of the Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo Marine Protected Area.
Flora and Fauna
The flora and fauna in the Marine Protected Area are particularly interesting and noteworthy.
Birdlife
In the birdlife, the golden eagle, peregrine falcon, osprey, gull, Corsican gull, little egret, cattle egret, and tern stand out.
In the context of biodiversity protection in the Mediterranean, the Life Puffinus Tavolara Project is also active for the conservation of the balearic shearwater, which nests on the island and is considered a vulnerable species.
Marine Fauna
Regarding marine fauna, the brown grouper, dentex, umbra, and barracuda should be mentioned. The bream, salpa, and damselfish are present in large groups and often reach remarkable sizes.
Large Mammals
Often spotted alongside dolphins are large marine mammals such as the sperm whale, the fin whale, and large cartilaginous fish such as the Pacific whale shark.
Flora
The flora is equally impressive. In the underwater environment, a special mention goes to the meadows of Posidonia oceanica, a plant that creates real underwater forests offering shelter to a multitude of animals and protecting the coasts from erosion.
On the shores and slopes of the islands, the Mediterranean scrub features juniper, myrtle, mastic, rockrose, and helichrysum. The scent of the Mediterranean scrub present in the Tavolara Archipelago is an unforgettable sensation.
Excursions to Tavolara and Molara ⚡
Can I swim during an excursion to Tavolara?Certainly. Every type of excursion includes various swimming stops and snorkeling opportunities to allow you to fully appreciate the nature and the wonderful sea surrounding you.
What should I bring for a trip to Tavolara?Bring a bathing suit and a beach towel for swimming during stops. If you think it's necessary, also bring a sweater or sweatshirt; it may be useful for the return. Don’t forget a hat and sunscreen, but remember to ask the crew for instructions before using sunscreen, as some boats may have specific regulations to prevent slipping or damaging the boat's cover.
Is hiking in Tavolara suitable for everyone?The route to hike up Tavolara has a medium difficulty; however, no special skills or experience are required to tackle it. The guide will provide all the necessary information. Participants should not suffer from vertigo as there are exposed sections.
I am a beginner, what do I need to know to hike Tavolara?If you're a beginner, don't worry; the guide will take care of everything. You just need to have fun, enjoy the route, and the feeling of reaching the summit. Before starting the experience, an introductory briefing is conducted to explain the route and describe the main techniques and operations. It will be thrilling, or rather, unforgettable!
What equipment do I need to hike Tavolara?For this experience, the guide will provide you with all the necessary equipment: helmet, harness, lanyard, carabiners. You should bring a backpack, a pair of comfortable trekking shoes, long pants, a T-shirt and sweatshirt, a packed lunch, water (about 3 liters), a bathing suit, and a beach towel if you wish to swim at Tavolara at the end of the excursion.
Tavolara: curiosities ⚡
What is on the island of Tavolara?
The island of Tavolara is located in a protected marine area surrounded by crystal-clear waters and diverse marine life. This makes it an ideal place for snorkeling and diving.
Mount Tavolara: The island is dominated by Mount Tavolara, a limestone mountain about 565 meters high. It is possible to hike to the summit, and once there, you can enjoy a spectacular panoramic view of the surrounding area.
Beaches: The island of Tavolara is surrounded by several charming beaches, some of which are only accessible by sea. Among the most famous are the Beach of the Prince and Spalmatore Beach.
Peregrine Falcon Nest: The island is known for being an important nesting area for the peregrine falcon. Ornithology enthusiasts may be fascinated by the opportunity to observe these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat.
There are also two restaurants accessible only by boat.
When does Tavolara wear a hat?
Either it’s bad weather or it’s good weather! Putting rhymes aside, when Tavolara wears a hat, meaning when the summit is hidden by clouds, it indicates that Scirocco is present. Scirocco is the wind blowing from Syria, from the southeast. This wind is predominant in Sardinia during the summer season and brings humidity, unlike the Maestrale – mistral – which blows from the northwest and is predominantly dry.
How high is the island of Tavolara?
Tavolara is 565 meters high above sea level. The summit of Tavolara is Punta Cannone.
How large is the island of Tavolara?
Tavolara covers an area of approximately 5.9 square kilometers.
What can I see on Tavolara?
During a vacation in Olbia and the surrounding area, a boat trip to Tavolara is a must! Tavolara is rich in history and unspoiled nature. Among the sights to see are:
- Molara
- The Natural Pools
- The bay of Coda Cavallo
- The small island of Proratora, home to important archaeological finds
Who owns Tavolara?
Tavolara has no owners. The western part of the island is public, with some houses, bars, and restaurants present. The eastern portion is a military base, hence formally under the control of the Italian Navy.
What is the name of the king of Tavolara?
Today, the formal king of Tavolara is Tonino Bertoleoni. The Bertoleoni family is of Genoese origin and moved to the island in the early 1800s.
How to reach Tavolara?
Tavolara is exclusively accessible by boat. You can see it by taking one of the ferries that depart daily from Porto San Paolo. The ferry tours the area and stops at Tavolara.
Another option is to take a boat or rib trip. Every day, there are many tours departing from Golfo Aranci, Olbia, Porto San Paolo, San Teodoro, and Budoni.
Who owns Molara?
Molara is a private island, owned by a family from Olbia. On Molara, as a private property, excursions are prohibited without a permit.
Where is the island of Molara located?
Molara is located about a mile south of Tavolara, between the territories of Olbia, Porto San Paolo, and San Teodoro. Molara is the second largest island in the Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo Marine Protected Area.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What are the main attractions of Tavolara?
- The main attractions of Tavolara include the charming cemetery of the Kings and stunning beaches like Cala Brandinchi. You can also enjoy snorkeling and hiking along the island’s trails.
- How do you get to Tavolara?
- Tavolara is mainly reachable by boat from Porto San Paolo. During the summer season, several companies offer ferries and excursions to the island.
- What are the golden-toothed goats?
- The golden-toothed goats are a local legend of Tavolara. It is said that these particularly unique goats feed on endemic plants that give them the characteristic golden color to their teeth.
- Is it possible to stay overnight on Tavolara?
- There are no accommodation facilities on the island of Tavolara, but you can find lodging in Porto San Paolo or San Teodoro, from where to depart for excursions. Many tourists visit the island for day trips.
- What is the history of the Kingdom of Tavolara?
- The Kingdom of Tavolara was proclaimed in 1836 by Giovanni I, a local fisherman. Although the monarchy has remained symbolic, the title of king is still held by his descendants.
- What kind of activities can you do in Tavolara?
- In Tavolara, you can go snorkeling, enjoy scenic walks, and visit historical sites. Additionally, boat tours around the island offer opportunities to admire the marine landscapes and wildlife.
- Are there restaurants or bars on Tavolara?
- There are no restaurants or bars on the island of Tavolara, so it is advisable to bring food and drinks for the day. However, in Porto San Paolo, there are many dining options.
- When is the best time to visit Tavolara?
- The best time to visit Tavolara is from May to September, when the weather is warm and excursions are more frequent. This is also the ideal time for snorkeling and enjoying the beautiful beaches.